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Capacity to refuse treatment — MCCQE Part 1 MCQ

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HardCapacityCapacity to refuse treatmentMCCQE Part 1

A 67-year-old woman with pneumonia refuses intravenous antibiotics. She can explain her diagnosis, the proposed treatment, the risk of death without it, and gives a consistent reason based on prior severe adverse drug reactions. She is not delirious. What is the most appropriate ethical/legal action?

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Correct answer: D — Respect her refusal and discuss alternative treatment options

Capacity is decision-specific and requires understanding and appreciation of relevant information; a capable patient may refuse recommended treatment even if the physician disagrees. Family members do not override a capable patient's decision. The appropriate response is to respect refusal while exploring alternatives and documenting the discussion.

Reference: CMPA consent and capacity guidance