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Herpes simplex encephalitis — ABEM Board MCQ

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HardNeurological emergenciesHerpes simplex encephalitisABEM Board

A 46-year-old man arrives as ESI 2 with fever, severe headache, first seizure, and focal right arm weakness. CT head is negative; LP later shows lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated RBCs. Which of the following is the most appropriate imaging study?

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Correct answer: AMRI brain with and without contrast

MRI brain is the preferred imaging modality for suspected HSV encephalitis, often showing temporal lobe abnormalities; acyclovir should not be delayed.

Reference: IDSA encephalitis guideline