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Iron deficiency toddler — USMLE Step 3 MCQ

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ModeratePediatrics (well-child, chronic management)Iron deficiency toddlerUSMLE Step 3

A 15-month-old boy drinks 36 oz of cow's milk daily and eats few solids. He is pale but active. Hemoglobin is 9.5 g/dL, MCV is 68 fL, ferritin is low, and reticulocyte count is low. Stool guaiac is negative. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: A — Iron deficiency anemia

Excess cow's milk intake with microcytic anemia and low ferritin is classic for iron deficiency in toddlers.

Reference: AAP Iron Deficiency Anemia Guidance