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Iron deficiency anemia toddler — USMLE Step 3 MCQ

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ModeratePediatrics (well-child, chronic management)Iron deficiency anemia toddlerUSMLE Step 3

A 15-month-old boy drinks 40 oz of cow's milk daily. He is pale and tired. Hemoglobin is 9.2 g/dL, MCV is 68 fL, ferritin is low, and reticulocyte count is low. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: A — Iron deficiency anemia

Excess cow's milk intake and microcytic anemia with low ferritin in a toddler indicate iron deficiency anemia.

Reference: American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guidance and Bright Futures preventive care