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Case-control study — USMLE Step 3 MCQ

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ModeratePreventive Medicine, Epidemiology, BiostatisticsCase-control studyUSMLE Step 3

Investigators compare prior benzene exposure in adults with acute myeloid leukemia and matched adults without leukemia. They calculate an odds ratio for past exposure. The disease is uncommon. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: B — Case-control study

A study that begins with disease status and looks back at exposure is a case-control study.

Reference: Current US clinical practice standards and USMLE Step 3 content outline, https://www.usmle.org/exam-resources/step-3-materials