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Oligoarticular JIA – uveitis screening — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateIDOligoarticular JIA – uveitis screeningRACP Paediatrics

A 3-year-old girl has had a swollen left knee for 8 weeks. There is no systemic illness. ANA is positive. She is at risk of a specific ocular complication requiring screening. What is the most likely JIA subtype and what complication requires screening?

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Correct answer: D — JIA – oligoarticular

Oligoarticular JIA (≤4 joints in first 6 months) is the most common JIA subtype. ANA-positive oligoarticular JIA in young girls carries the highest risk of chronic anterior uveitis (often asymptomatic/silent). Regular slit-lamp screening every 3 months for ANA-positive children <7 years at diagnosis is essential to prevent visual loss.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2023 – JIA CPG; RACP Paediatric Curriculum – Rheumatology