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E. coli – infant UTI — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyIDE. coli – infant UTIRACP Paediatrics

A 3-month-old infant presents with a urinary tract infection. Culture from catheter specimen grows a gram-negative bacillus. What is the most likely organism?

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Correct answer: C — Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli is the most common cause of UTI in all age groups including infants. Other gram-negative organisms include Klebsiella, Proteus (more common in boys), and Enterobacter. In neonates (<6 weeks), broader empirical cover (amoxicillin + gentamicin) is needed to also cover Enterococcus and Listeria.

Reference: Australian Therapeutic Guidelines – 2024; RCH Melbourne – 2023 – UTI CPG