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Heat stroke — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateEmergencyHeat strokeRACP Paediatrics

A 5-year-old collapses during outdoor sports on a 42°C day in Western Sydney. Core temperature is 41.5°C. The child is confused, has hot dry skin, and tachycardia. What is the most appropriate immediate cooling method?

Educational content. Not a substitute for clinical judgement or local policy.

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Correct answer: E — Heat stroke

Exertional heat stroke (core temperature >40°C with CNS dysfunction) is a medical emergency with significant mortality if not rapidly cooled. The most effective cooling method is cold water immersion (or ice water-soaked towels if immersion not possible). The target is to reduce core temperature to <39°C within 30 minutes. IV fluids, seizure management, and monitoring for rhabdomyolysis and DIC are also required.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2023 – Environmental Emergencies CPG; RACP Paediatric Curriculum – Emergency