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Schistosomiasis — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateIDSchistosomiasisRACP Paediatrics

A 10-year-old recently arrived from sub-Saharan Africa has persistent eosinophilia, hepatosplenomegaly, and haematuria. Urine microscopy shows eggs with a terminal spine. Serology is positive for Schistosoma haematobium. What is the most appropriate treatment?

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Correct answer: E — Praziquantel

Praziquantel is the treatment of choice for all Schistosoma species. Terminal-spined eggs in urine indicate S. haematobium (urogenital schistosomiasis). S. mansoni and S. japonicum cause hepatointestinal disease with lateral-spined or round eggs in stool. A single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) is standard. Repeat treatment may be needed.

Reference: Australian Therapeutic Guidelines – 2024 – Antibiotic; RACP Paediatric Curriculum – ID