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Congenital rubella — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateIDCongenital rubellaRACP Paediatrics

A newborn has microcephaly, cataracts, sensorineural deafness, and a PDA. The mother was not vaccinated and had a rash illness in early pregnancy. Rubella IgM is positive in the infant's blood. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: B — Congenital rubella syndrome

The classic triad of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is sensorineural deafness, cataracts/glaucoma, and congenital heart disease (PDA most common, pulmonary artery stenosis). Other features include microcephaly, thrombocytopenia (blueberry muffin rash), and hepatosplenomegaly. Prevention through MMR vaccination is key. CRS infants shed virus for months and are infectious.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2023 – Congenital Infection CPG; RACP Paediatric Curriculum – ID