Calcium oxalate stones — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyNephrologyCalcium oxalate stonesRACP Paediatrics

A 7-year-old presents with acute loin pain, haematuria, and a 5 mm radio-opaque calculus on CT KUB. Urine calcium:creatinine ratio is elevated. There is a family history of kidney stones. What is the most likely stone composition?

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Correct answer: E — Calcium oxalate

Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of renal stones in children (~45-65%). Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most common metabolic abnormality identified. Radio-opaque stones on CT KUB are consistent with calcium-containing stones. Management includes increased fluid intake, dietary modification, and consideration of thiazide diuretics for hypercalciuria.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2023 – Renal Calculi CPG; RACP Paediatric Curriculum – Nephrology