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Neonatal hepatitis B PEP — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyIDNeonatal hepatitis B PEPRACP Paediatrics

A 3-day-old neonate is born to a mother found to be HBsAg positive at delivery. What is the most appropriate immediate post-exposure prophylaxis?

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Correct answer: D — Hepatitis B immunoglobulin + vaccine

All neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) AND hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth. This reduces vertical transmission from ~90% to <5%. The vaccine series is then completed per the routine schedule. Post-vaccination serology should be checked at 9-12 months to confirm seroprotection.

Reference: Australian Immunisation Handbook – 2024; RCH Melbourne – 2023 – Neonatal Hepatitis B CPG