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Transient tachypnoea of the newborn — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyNeonatalTransient tachypnoea of the newbornRACP Paediatrics

A term infant born by elective caesarean section develops mild tachypnoea (RR 70) shortly after birth with no recession. SpO2 is 95% in room air. Chest X-ray shows hyperinflation with prominent perihilar streaking and fluid in the fissures. Symptoms resolve by 24 hours. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: E — Transient tachypnoea of the newborn

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN, 'wet lung') is caused by delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid. It is more common after elective caesarean section (no labour). CXR shows hyperinflation with perihilar streaking and fluid in fissures. It is self-limiting, usually resolving within 24-72 hours.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2023 – Neonatal Respiratory Distress CPG; RACP Paediatric Curriculum – Neonatology