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RDS — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyNeonatalRDSRACP Paediatrics

A preterm infant (30 weeks gestation) develops progressive respiratory distress within hours of birth with grunting, nasal flaring, and intercostal recession. Chest X-ray shows a diffuse ground-glass appearance with air bronchograms. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: C — Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

A preterm infant with progressive respiratory distress from birth and CXR showing ground-glass opacification with air bronchograms has RDS (surfactant deficiency). Management includes CPAP (non-invasive support) and exogenous surfactant administration if intubated. Antenatal corticosteroids significantly reduce RDS risk.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2023 – Neonatal Respiratory Distress CPG; ANZCOR – 2024 – Neonatal Guidelines