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IgA nephropathy — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateNephrologyIgA nephropathyRACP Paediatrics

A 10-year-old presents with recurrent episodes of macroscopic haematuria coinciding with upper respiratory tract infections. Between episodes, there is persistent microscopic haematuria. Renal function is normal. C3 and C4 are normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: E — IgA nephropathy

Synpharyngitic haematuria (macroscopic haematuria occurring simultaneously with URTI, not 1-3 weeks after) with persistent microscopic haematuria between episodes and normal complement is characteristic of IgA nephropathy (Berger disease). It is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. Renal biopsy shows mesangial IgA deposition.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2023 – Haematuria CPG; RACP Paediatric Curriculum – Nephrology