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Urinary tract infection — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyIDUrinary tract infectionRACP Paediatrics

A 6-month-old presents with 2 days of fever (39°C) and irritability. There is no focus of infection on examination. The infant is immunised, appears well between fevers, and has a normal CRP. Urine dipstick is positive for leucocytes and nitrites. What is the most likely cause?

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Correct answer: C — Urinary tract infection

UTI is the most common serious bacterial infection in febrile infants without a source. A positive urine dipstick (leucocytes and nitrites) supports the diagnosis, but a properly collected urine culture (catheter or suprapubic aspirate in infants) is required for confirmation before definitive treatment.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2023 – Urinary Tract Infection CPG; RACP Paediatric Curriculum – ID