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Measles — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateIDMeaslesRACP Paediatrics

A 3-year-old presents with 3 days of cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis followed by a maculopapular rash starting behind the ears and spreading cephalocaudally. Examination reveals Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa. The child has not been vaccinated. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: A — Measles

The prodrome of cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis (the 3 Cs) followed by a cephalocaudal maculopapular rash with pathognomonic Koplik spots (white spots on buccal mucosa) in an unvaccinated child is measles. It is notifiable. Complications include pneumonia, encephalitis, and SSPE.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2023 – Rash and Fever CPG; RACP Paediatric Curriculum – ID