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Guillain-Barré syndrome — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateNeurologyGuillain-Barré syndromeRACP Paediatrics

A 6-year-old presents with progressive ascending weakness over 3 days following a gastroenteritis illness 2 weeks ago. He now has difficulty walking and has areflexia. Sensation is intact. Nerve conduction studies show demyelinating pattern. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: E — Guillain-Barré syndrome

Progressive ascending weakness with areflexia following a preceding infection (commonly Campylobacter jejuni or viral) is the classic presentation of Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy). Key features include symmetrical weakness, areflexia, and preserved sensation. CSF shows albuminocytological dissociation. IVIg is the first-line treatment.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2023 – Acute Weakness CPG; RACP Paediatric Curriculum – Neurology