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Post-Infectious Cerebellar Ataxia — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateEmergency PaediatricsPost-Infectious Cerebellar AtaxiaRACP Paediatrics

A 6-year-old presents with ataxia and opsoclonus after a febrile illness. MRI brain is normal. CSF shows mild lymphocytic pleocytosis. Urine catecholamines are normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: C — Post-infectious cerebellar ataxia

Acute post-infectious cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children (age 2-6 years), typically following varicella or other viral infections. It is self-limiting and resolves within weeks to months. Neuroblastoma must be excluded (urine catecholamines, imaging) but is a less common cause of OMS/ataxia.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Acute Ataxia