skip to main content

Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

Instant feedback + full explanation. One question, done properly.

HardNeurology & DevelopmentAnti-NMDA Receptor EncephalitisRACP Paediatrics

A 10-year-old girl develops acute behavioural change, seizures, involuntary movements, and autonomic instability 2 weeks after a viral illness. CSF shows lymphocytic pleocytosis. MRI is relatively normal. Anti-NMDA receptor antibodies are positive. What is the diagnosis?

Educational content. Not a substitute for clinical judgement or local policy.

Reveal the answer and explanation

Correct answer: A — Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis presenting with psychiatric symptoms, seizures, movement disorders (orofacial dyskinesias), autonomic instability, and decreased consciousness. It may be associated with ovarian teratoma (especially in adolescent females). Treatment includes immunotherapy (IVIG, methylprednisolone, rituximab, cyclophosphamide).

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Autoimmune Encephalitis