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Childhood ILD — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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HardRespiratoryChildhood ILDRACP Paediatrics

An 11-year-old girl presents with a 3-month history of exertional dyspnoea and a restrictive pattern on spirometry (reduced FVC with normal FEV1/FVC ratio). CXR shows bilateral reticulonodular infiltrates. HRCT shows ground-glass opacities with interlobular septal thickening. What category of lung disease is this?

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Correct answer: D — Interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease

Restrictive spirometry with diffuse parenchymal changes on HRCT suggests interstitial lung disease (ILD). Childhood ILD (chILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of rare disorders. Workup includes HRCT, BAL, genetic testing, and sometimes lung biopsy. Management depends on the specific diagnosis.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Interstitial Lung Disease