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Pulmonary Haemosiderosis — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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HardRespiratoryPulmonary HaemosiderosisRACP Paediatrics

A 7-year-old presents with haemoptysis. He has iron deficiency anaemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on CXR that have recurred over several months. Bronchoalveolar lavage shows haemosiderin-laden macrophages. What is the diagnosis?

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Correct answer: C — Pulmonary haemosiderosis (idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis)

Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis presents with the triad of recurrent haemoptysis, iron deficiency anaemia, and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. BAL showing haemosiderin-laden macrophages (>20%) confirms pulmonary haemorrhage. Treatment includes systemic corticosteroids and iron supplementation.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pulmonary Haemorrhage