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CPAP Mechanism — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateRespiratoryCPAP MechanismRACP Paediatrics

A preterm infant at 28 weeks is commenced on nasal CPAP at birth. What is the main mechanism by which CPAP improves respiratory function in preterm infants?

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Correct answer: C — Maintains functional residual capacity (FRC) and prevents alveolar collapse

CPAP maintains FRC by applying continuous positive pressure throughout the respiratory cycle, preventing alveolar collapse (atelectasis) and improving oxygenation. It also reduces the work of breathing by splinting the upper airway and chest wall. Early CPAP with selective surfactant has become the standard of care for preterm infants.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Respiratory Support in Preterm Infants