Aplastic Crisis Parvovirus — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateHaematology & OncologyAplastic Crisis ParvovirusRACP Paediatrics

A 10-year-old girl with sickle cell disease (HbSS) presents with sudden onset of severe pallor, tachycardia, and a Hb of 35 g/L. Reticulocyte count is very low (<1%). She had a febrile illness 5 days ago. What is the cause of the anaemia?

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Correct answer: B — Aplastic crisis (parvovirus B19-induced red cell aplasia)

Aplastic crisis in SCD is caused by parvovirus B19 infection, which causes temporary red cell aplasia (suppressed reticulocyte count). In chronic haemolytic anaemias, where red cell survival is shortened, this leads to precipitous anaemia. Transfusion is required. Aplastic crises are typically self-limiting (7-10 days).

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Sickle Cell Disease