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Minimal Change Disease — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyNephrologyMinimal Change DiseaseRACP Paediatrics

A 4-year-old boy presents with generalised oedema, proteinuria (4+), hypoalbuminaemia (15 g/L), and hypercholesterolaemia. Renal function is normal. C3 and C4 are normal. What is the most likely histological finding on renal biopsy?

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Correct answer: A — Minimal change disease

Minimal change disease (MCD) accounts for approximately 80% of nephrotic syndrome in children aged 1-10 years. It is characterised by normal light microscopy, negative immunofluorescence, and foot process effacement on electron microscopy. Most cases are steroid-responsive. Biopsy is not routinely performed in typical presentations.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Nephrotic Syndrome