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Endobronchial Infection in Indigenous Children — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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HardRespiratoryEndobronchial Infection in Indigenous ChildrenRACP Paediatrics

A 7-year-old Aboriginal child in a remote community has chronic wet cough for 8 weeks. He has failed a 4-week course of amoxicillin-clavulanate. What pathogen is most commonly associated with persistent endobronchial infection in this population?

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Correct answer: E — Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae

Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae is the most commonly isolated pathogen in children with protracted bacterial bronchitis and early bronchiectasis, particularly in Aboriginal children. Bronchoalveolar lavage may be required for microbiological diagnosis if empirical therapy fails.

Reference: Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand – 2024 – Position Statement on Bronchiectasis