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Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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HardNephrologyHaemolytic Uraemic SyndromeRACP Paediatrics

A 10-year-old presents with severe abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea, pallor, and oliguria 5 days after an episode of gastroenteritis with bloody stools. FBC shows Hb 75 g/L, platelets 45, and creatinine 350 umol/L. Blood film shows fragmented red cells (schistocytes). What is the diagnosis?

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Correct answer: E — Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

HUS triad: microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (schistocytes), thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Typical (D+) HUS follows Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 gastroenteritis. Supportive management; avoid antibiotics and anti-diarrhoeals.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome