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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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HardRheumatologySystemic Lupus ErythematosusRACP Paediatrics

A 15-year-old girl presents with fatigue, weight loss, joint pain, malar rash, and oral ulcers. ANA is positive at 1:640. Anti-dsDNA is positive. C3 and C4 are low. Urinalysis shows proteinuria and haematuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: B — Systemic lupus erythematosus

SLE: malar rash, oral ulcers, arthritis, positive ANA, anti-dsDNA, low complement, and renal involvement (lupus nephritis). SLE is more common in adolescent females. Renal biopsy is indicated given proteinuria and haematuria.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus