Alopecia Areata — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyDermatologyAlopecia AreataRACP Paediatrics

An 8-year-old presents with well-circumscribed patches of hair loss on the scalp with exclamation mark hairs at the margins. The scalp skin appears normal with no scarring or scaling. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: E — Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition presenting with well-defined, non-scarring patches of hair loss. Exclamation mark hairs (short, broken hairs that taper towards the scalp) are pathognomonic. The scalp skin appears normal. It is associated with other autoimmune conditions (thyroid disease, vitiligo). Most children experience regrowth within 12 months. Tinea capitis typically shows scaling and broken hairs.

Reference: Therapeutic Guidelines – 2024 – Dermatology: Alopecia