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Drowning — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateEmergency PaediatricsDrowningRACP Paediatrics

A 3-year-old child is brought to the emergency department after submersion in a backyard pool for an estimated 3 minutes. CPR was commenced by bystanders. On arrival, the child has a heart rate but is apnoeic. What is the single most important intervention?

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Correct answer: D — Immediate intubation and ventilation with high-flow oxygen

Drowning is primarily a respiratory event. The most important intervention is establishing effective ventilation and oxygenation. In a child with a pulse but absent respirations, immediate positive pressure ventilation (bag-mask or intubation if needed) with supplemental oxygen is the priority. Hypothermia should be addressed but ventilation takes precedence. Drowning is a leading cause of death in children aged 1–4 years in Australia.

Reference: Australian Resuscitation Council – 2025 – Paediatric Advanced Life Support Guidelines