Acute Rheumatic Fever — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyCommunity & Indigenous HealthAcute Rheumatic FeverRACP Paediatrics

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children have a higher prevalence of which condition compared to non-Indigenous Australian children?

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Correct answer: E — Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) disproportionately affect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, with rates in some remote communities being among the highest in the world. ARF is virtually non-existent in the non-Indigenous Australian population. Secondary prophylaxis with intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin every 28 days is critical to prevent recurrence.

Reference: RHDAustralia – 2024 – Australian Guideline for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease