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Transient Tachypnoea of the Newborn — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyNeonatologyTransient Tachypnoea of the NewbornRACP Paediatrics

A term neonate born by elective caesarean section at 38 weeks develops tachypnoea (RR 70/min) within 2 hours of birth. SpO2 is 95% in room air. Chest X-ray shows fluid in the horizontal fissure, prominent perihilar vascular markings, and mild hyperinflation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: C — Transient tachypnoea of the newborn

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is caused by delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid. It is common after elective caesarean section (absence of labour-related catecholamine surge). CXR shows fluid in the fissures, perihilar streaking, and mild hyperinflation. TTN is self-limiting and typically resolves within 24–72 hours. RDS is uncommon in term infants.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Neonatal Respiratory Distress