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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateNeonatologyBronchopulmonary DysplasiaRACP Paediatrics

A preterm infant born at 30 weeks is currently on CPAP at 28 days of age and has been unable to wean from respiratory support. Chest X-ray shows cystic changes and areas of atelectasis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: D — Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic neonatal lung disease)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or chronic neonatal lung disease is defined as the need for supplemental oxygen or respiratory support at 36 weeks corrected gestational age (or 28 days of age for infants born >32 weeks). Risk factors include prematurity, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen exposure. Management includes respiratory support weaning, diuretics, and nutritional optimisation.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Chronic Neonatal Lung Disease