Rhesus Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateHaematology & OncologyRhesus Haemolytic Disease of the NewbornRACP Paediatrics

A newborn presents with jaundice on day 1 of life. Blood group is O positive. Mother is O negative. Direct Coombs test is positive. What is the cause of the jaundice?

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Correct answer: A — Rhesus (D) haemolytic disease of the newborn

Explanation lettering: D = shown as A · E = shown as C · A = shown as D · C = shown as E

Jaundice within the first 24 hours of life is pathological. A positive direct Coombs test in an O-positive infant born to an O-negative (Rh-negative) mother indicates Rhesus (D) haemolytic disease of the newborn. ABO incompatibility would require the baby to be group A or B born to a group O mother. Aggressive phototherapy and monitoring for exchange transfusion thresholds are required.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Jaundice in Early Infancy