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Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyHaematology & OncologyImmune Thrombocytopenic PurpuraRACP Paediatrics

A 4-year-old boy presents with recurrent bruising and a platelet count of 15 × 10⁹/L. The blood film shows large platelets with otherwise normal red and white cells. He is well and has no hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. He had a viral illness 2 weeks ago. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: B — Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common cause of isolated thrombocytopenia in an otherwise well child. It typically follows a viral illness by 1–4 weeks. The key features are isolated thrombocytopenia with a normal blood film otherwise (no blasts, anaemia, or neutropenia). Most children with ITP recover spontaneously. Treatment is only required for significant bleeding.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura