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Wilms Tumour — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyNephrologyWilms TumourRACP Paediatrics

A 2-year-old boy presents with a palpable abdominal mass, haematuria, and hypertension. Ultrasound shows a solid intrarenal mass arising from the left kidney. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: E — Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma)

Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) is the most common renal malignancy in children, with peak incidence at 3–4 years. It typically presents with a painless abdominal mass, sometimes with haematuria and hypertension. It arises from the kidney (intrarenal). Neuroblastoma arises from the adrenal gland and may displace but does not arise from the kidney.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Abdominal Masses in Children