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IgA Nephropathy — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateNephrologyIgA NephropathyRACP Paediatrics

A 6-year-old girl presents with visible haematuria coinciding with an upper respiratory tract infection. Urine shows red cell casts. Serum complement levels are normal. The haematuria resolves but recurs with the next URTI. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: D — IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)

Synpharyngitic haematuria (visible haematuria occurring simultaneously with upper respiratory infection, typically within 1–2 days) with normal complement levels is characteristic of IgA nephropathy. In PSGN, haematuria occurs 1–3 weeks after infection and complement C3 is low. Diagnosis is confirmed by renal biopsy showing mesangial IgA deposition.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Haematuria