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Gastroenteritis — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateGastroenterologyGastroenteritisRACP Paediatrics

A 12-month-old child presents with 3 days of watery diarrhoea and vomiting. He has sunken eyes, decreased skin turgor, a dry mouth, and a capillary refill time of 3 seconds. His weight is 10 kg. He is alert. What is the most appropriate fluid management?

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Correct answer: A — Oral rehydration solution (ORS) 100 mL/kg over 4 hours plus ongoing losses

This child has moderate (5–8%) dehydration. Australian guidelines recommend oral rehydration therapy with ORS at a volume of approximately 100 mL/kg (estimating 5–8% fluid deficit) given over 4 hours, with ongoing losses replaced. ORT is preferred over IV fluids for moderate dehydration. Nasogastric rehydration is an alternative if oral intake is not tolerated. IV fluids are reserved for severe dehydration or failure of ORT.

Reference: RCH Melbourne – 2024 – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Gastroenteritis