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Hypomagnesaemia QT Prolongation — RACP Adult Medicine MCQ

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ModerateCardiologyHypomagnesaemia QT ProlongationRACP Adult Medicine

A 55-year-old man with heart failure is found to have QTc of 480 ms on routine ECG. He is on furosemide, ramipril, bisoprolol, spironolactone, and dapagliflozin. K⁺ is 4.8 mmol/L, Mg²⁺ is 0.7 mmol/L (low). He has no symptoms of arrhythmia. What is the most likely cause of QT prolongation?

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Correct answer: CHypomagnesaemia

Hypomagnesaemia causes QT prolongation by reducing the repolarisation reserve of cardiac myocytes. Furosemide (loop diuretic) causes renal magnesium wasting. Spironolactone partially offsets potassium loss but does not prevent magnesium depletion. Treatment: IV magnesium sulfate (10-20 mmol) then oral magnesium supplementation. Check and correct Mg²⁺ before attributing QT prolongation to drugs. Hypomagnesaemia also potentiates drug-induced QT prolongation and is a risk factor for torsades de pointes.

Reference: AMH – 2025; eTG Cardiovascular 2024; CredibleMeds