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Cyanide Poisoning in Fire — RACP Adult Medicine MCQ

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ModerateRespiratoryCyanide Poisoning in FireRACP Adult Medicine

A 35-year-old woman is pulled from a house fire. She is confused (GCS 12) with a COHb level of 35%. She has no visible burns. ABG shows metabolic acidosis (pH 7.22, lactate 8 mmol/L). What is the most likely additional toxic exposure?

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Correct answer: ECyanide poisoning

House fire with altered consciousness, elevated COHb, AND unexplained lactic acidosis despite 100% O₂ suggests concurrent cyanide poisoning (from combustion of synthetic materials). Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, causing cellular hypoxia with elevated lactate. Treatment: IV hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit, 5 g over 15 minutes). Sodium thiosulfate is an alternative.

Reference: Toxicology Handbook (Murray) 3rd Ed; eTG Emergency 2024