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Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy — RACP Adult Medicine MCQ

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EasyEndocrinologyProliferative Diabetic RetinopathyRACP Adult Medicine

A 45-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes has fundoscopy showing new vessel formation at the optic disc (NVD) and elsewhere (NVE), plus a pre-retinal haemorrhage. Visual acuity is 6/12. What is the most likely fundoscopy diagnosis?

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Correct answer: E — Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

New vessel formation (neovascularisation at disc or elsewhere) with pre-retinal haemorrhage is proliferative diabetic retinopathy. This is sight-threatening and requires urgent treatment: panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and/or intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Vitrectomy may be needed for non-clearing vitreous haemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment.

Reference: NHMRC – 2024 – Diabetic Retinopathy; RANZCO 2024