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Triple Whammy Hyperkalaemia — RACP Adult Medicine MCQ

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ModerateNephrologyTriple Whammy HyperkalaemiaRACP Adult Medicine

A 60-year-old woman on lisinopril and spironolactone presents with lethargy and muscle weakness. K⁺ is 6.8 mmol/L. ECG shows peaked T waves and loss of P waves. eGFR is 42 mL/min/1.73m². She recently started ibuprofen for knee pain. What is the most likely precipitant?

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Correct answer: BNSAIDs (ibuprofen) in combination with RAAS blockade and MRA

The 'triple whammy' of ACEi/ARB + MRA (spironolactone) + NSAID in CKD is a well-recognised cause of dangerous hyperkalaemia and AKI. NSAIDs reduce renal perfusion (prostaglandin-mediated), compounding the hyperkalaemic effects of RAAS blockade and spironolactone. The NSAID must be ceased immediately. ECG changes mandate emergency treatment with IV calcium gluconate.

Reference: AMH – 2025 – Drug Interactions; NPS MedicineWise 2024 Triple Whammy