SCC Prognostic Factor — NDEB AFK MCQ
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Correct answer: E — Cervical lymph node metastasis (nodal status at presentation)
The presence and extent of cervical lymph node metastasis (nodal status, 'N' in the TNM staging system) at the time of diagnosis is the single most important prognostic factor for oral SCC. Positive neck nodes reduce the 5-year survival rate by approximately 50%. The number of positive nodes, presence of extranodal extension (ENE), and level of nodes involved further modify prognosis. TNM staging (Tumour size, Nodal status, distant Metastasis) guides treatment planning (surgery ± radiation ± chemotherapy).
Reference: Neville – Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 4th ed., 2016