Epinephrine as Vasoconstrictor — NDEB AFK MCQ
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Correct answer: E — Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the most commonly used vasoconstrictor in dental local anaesthetic solutions worldwide, available in concentrations of 1:50,000, 1:80,000, 1:100,000, and 1:200,000. The most commonly used concentration in dental cartridges is 1:100,000 (10 μg/mL). Epinephrine acts on both α-adrenergic receptors (vasoconstriction — prolonging anaesthetic duration and reducing bleeding) and β-adrenergic receptors (bronchodilation, cardiac stimulation). Levonordefrin (1:20,000) is available in some mepivacaine formulations.
Reference: Malamed – Handbook of Local Anesthesia, 7th ed., 2020