Composite Marginal Seal — NDEB AFK MCQ
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Correct answer: D — Composite resin with total-etch bonding
Composite resin bonded with a total-etch adhesive system provides the best initial marginal seal of any direct restorative material due to micromechanical bonding to etched enamel (resin tags) and hybrid layer formation in dentin. Amalgam has no adhesion to tooth structure and initial marginal gaps that only seal over time through corrosion product accumulation. GIC provides chemical adhesion but with lower initial bond strength. Gold inlays are cemented with a luting agent and rely on the cement seal.
Reference: Heymann – Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 7th ed., 2019