NaOCl Concentration — NDEB AFK MCQ
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Correct answer: E — 1.0-5.25%
Sodium hypochlorite at concentrations of 1.0-5.25% is recommended for root canal irrigation. Higher concentrations (5.25%) have superior tissue-dissolving ability and antimicrobial efficacy but carry greater risk of tissue damage if extruded periapically. Lower concentrations (1-2.5%) are safer with adequate effectiveness when used with proper irrigation protocols (volume, contact time, activation). Regardless of concentration, NaOCl should be used with gentle positive pressure, never forcefully injected, and never used beyond the apex.
Reference: Torabinejad – Endodontics: Principles and Practice, 6th ed., 2021