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Study Design for Prevention — NDEB AFK MCQ

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ModerateCommunity Dentistry & EpidemiologyStudy Design for PreventionNDEB AFK

A community dental health program is evaluating whether fluoride varnish application in schools reduces dental caries in children. Which study design is most appropriate?

Educational content. Not a substitute for clinical judgement or local policy.

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Correct answer: A — Randomised controlled trial (RCT)

A randomised controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard study design for evaluating the efficacy of a preventive intervention (fluoride varnish). Random allocation to intervention and control groups minimises confounding and selection bias. The outcome (caries increment) can be compared between groups over a defined period. Blinding (examiner blinding) further reduces bias.

Reference: Burt & Eklund – Dentistry, Dental Practice, and the Community, 7th ed., 2005