Acid Etching — NDEB AFK MCQ
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Correct answer: B — 37% phosphoric acid
37% phosphoric acid is the standard etchant used in total-etch (etch-and-rinse) bonding systems. It creates enamel microporosities (etch pattern) for micromechanical retention and demineralises superficial dentin to expose the collagen network for hybrid layer formation. Polyacrylic acid (10-20%) is used as a conditioner for glass ionomer cement. Hydrofluoric acid is used for etching porcelain/ceramic, not tooth structure.
Reference: Heymann – Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 7th ed., 2019