ABG Direct Measurements — FRCA Primary MCQ
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Correct answer: E — pH, PaO2, PaCO2
Direct measurements: pH (glass electrode) / PaCO2 (Severinghaus electrode) / PaO2 (Clark electrode). All other values (HCO3- / base excess / SaO2) are calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and oxygen dissociation curve.
Reference: Al-Shaikh Stacey 2019 Essentials of Anaesthetic Equipment