skip to main content

Midazolam Ring Opening — FRCA Primary MCQ

Instant feedback + full explanation. One question, done properly.

HardPharmacology - Intravenous AnaestheticsMidazolam Ring OpeningFRCA Primary

An aqueous midazolam injection changes from approximately pH 3.5 in the ampoule to physiological pH after intravenous administration. Which molecular sequence best explains both its formulation solubility and its rapid penetration into the central nervous system?

Educational content. Not a substitute for clinical judgement or local policy.

Reveal the answer and explanation

Correct answer: CProtonation at acidic pH favours an open-ring, water-soluble form; deprotonation at physiological pH favours a closed-ring, lipid-soluble form

Explanation lettering: D = shown as A · C = shown as B · A = shown as C · B = shown as D

A is correct. Midazolam is an imidazobenzodiazepine with a pKa of approximately 6.1. In the acidic injection formulation, protonation promotes reversible opening of the ring and formation of a water-soluble species. After injection, the higher physiological pH causes deprotonation and ring closure, producing a predominantly unionised, lipid-soluble molecule that rapidly crosses the blood–brain barrier. Option B reverses the ring states and is the key plausible distractor. Option C incorrectly assigns lipid solubility to the protonated open-ring form. Option D neglects the pH-dependent ring closure, while option E incorrectly attributes the solubility transition to protein binding rather than molecular ionisation and ring configuration.

Reference: Royal College of Anaesthetists. Guide to the FRCA Examination: The Primary, fourth edition, MCQ answer 11e, p.107, 2013. https://www.rcoa.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/2025-08/RCoAPrimaryGuide2013%20FOR%20WEBSITE.pdf